海拔对囊种草(Thylacospermum caespitosum)修饰土壤微环境作用的影响     

刘晓娟  陈年来  田青 《中国沙漠》2014,34(1):191-196

选择海拔为3 762m(低海拔样地)和4 137m(高海拔样地)处囊种草(Thylacospermum caespitosum)群落作为研究样地,分别选取9个直径约50cm的囊种草丛,测定其下土壤的养分、水分和温度等指标,并以邻近无囊种草生长区域的土壤为对照,试图揭示囊种草对土壤微环境的修饰作用对海拔的响应。结果表明:囊种草的生长提高了其下土壤养分含量;改善了土壤水分状况;调节了土壤温度,在其冠层下维持了一个温度较为恒定的环境。随着海拔升高,环境条件的恶劣程度加大,环境压力增大,高海拔样地的土壤养分、水分和温度均低于低海拔样地,而囊种草对这些土壤环境条件的改善作用则随海拔的升高而加强。  相似文献   

利用TMI反演的水汽凝结物对热带气旋潜热结构分布的探索研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

姚小娟  黎伟标  陈淑敏 《大气科学》2014,38(5):909-923

本文利用热带测雨卫星TRMM（Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission）微波成像仪TMI（TRMM Microwave Imager）2A12 水汽凝结物（Hydrometeor）反演资料,对西北太平洋地区从1998～2009 年的236 个热带气旋个例的1776 个“快照”（snapshot）的水汽凝结物的结构特征进行了分析,并探讨了水汽凝结物的时空变化与热带气旋强度演变联系。研究结果表明:（1）TMI 2A12 水汽凝结物资料显示出了热带气旋内部的细致结构及变化特征,水汽凝结物的峰值集中于数十公里到一百多公里的热带气旋眼壁及云墙区;在热带气旋发展过程中,随着热带气旋强度的增强,水汽凝结物增多且往其中心靠拢,从发展阶段到成熟阶段,水汽凝结物的大值中心基本上集中在距离热带气旋中心约50 km 区域,而且强度越强的热带气旋,水汽凝结物的大值中心与热带气旋中心的距离越近;在热带气旋消亡的过程中,水汽凝结物不断减弱且往外围扩散,逐渐扩展到远离中心的区域;（2）热带气旋强度与水汽凝结物的分布关系密切,热带气旋强度变化与热带气旋中心附近200 km 范围内的水汽凝结物含量存在显著的正相关,而200 km 以外的外围水汽凝结物含量存在负相关;（3）热带气旋强度变化与水汽凝结物的变化存在时间差,水汽凝结物的变化超前于热带气旋强度的变化,在热带气旋迅速发展之前数小时,热带气旋中心0～50 km 环状区域的水汽凝结物含量就已经提前增加了,在热带气旋减弱前数小时到十数小时,即使热带气旋还处于它强度的鼎盛时期,其中心0～50 km 环状区域的水汽凝结物含量就已经提前显著减少了,这种水汽凝结物的变化超前于热带气旋强度的变化的现象,可能是热带气旋强度预报的潜在线索。  相似文献   

基于机载LiDAR数据的区域林木信息提取     

李琳  崔先国  别君  郭恒庆  季民  王瑞富 《测绘科学》2011,36(2):202-204

本文对LiDAR数据的各种滤波方法以及多次回波特性进行了综合研究,提出一种基于其多次回波特性进行林木信息提取的方法,并对该方法的可行性进行了实例验证,为探索LiDAR数据的应用提供了新的思路。  相似文献   

The role of biodegradation and photo-oxidation in the transformation of terrigenous organic matter   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xiaojuan Feng  Katherine M. Hills  Andr J. Simpson  Joann K. Whalen  Myrna J. Simpson 《Organic Geochemistry》2011,42(3):262-274

Microbial and photochemical decomposition are two major processes regulating organic matter (OM) transformation in the global carbon cycle. However, photo-oxidation is not as well understood as biodegradation in terms of its impact on OM alteration in terrigenous environments. We examined microbial and photochemical transformation of OM and lignin derived phenols in two plant litters (corn leaves and pine needles). Plant litter was incubated in the laboratory over 3 months and compositional changes to OM were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We also examined the susceptibility of soil organic matter (SOM) to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Solid-state ¹³C NMR spectra showed that O-alkyl type structures (mainly from carbohydrates) decreased during biodegradation and the loss of small carbohydrates and aliphatic molecules was observed by solution-state ¹H NMR spectra of water extractable OM from biodegraded litters. Photochemical products were detected in the aliphatic regions of NaOH extracts from both litter samples by solution-state ¹H NMR. Photo-oxidation also increased the solubility of SOM, which was attributed to the enhanced oxidation of lignin derived phenols and photochemical degradation of macromolecular SOM species (as observed by diffusion edited ¹H NMR). Overall, our data collectively suggests that while biodegradation predominates in litter decomposition, photo-oxidation alters litter OM chemistry and plays a role in destabilizing SOM in soils exposed to UV radiation.  相似文献   

Extracting eco-hydrological information of inland wetland from L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar image in Honghe National Nature Reserve,Northeast China     

Yonghua Sun  Huili Gong  Xiaojuan Li  Ruiliang Pu  Shuang Li 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2011,21(2):241-248

Taking a typical inland wetland of Honghe National Nature Reserve (HNNR), Northeast China, as the study area, this paper studied the application of L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image in extracting eco-hydrological information of inland wetland. Landsat-5 TM and ALOS PALSAR HH backscatter images were first fused by using the wavelet-IHS method. Based on the fused image data, the classification method of support vector machines was used to map the wetland in the study area. The overall mapping accuracy is 77.5%. Then, the wet and dry aboveground biomass estimation models, including statistical models and a Rice Cloudy model, were established. Optimal parameters for the Rice Cloudy model were calculated in MATLAB by using the least squares method. Based on the validation results, it was found that the Rice Cloudy model produced higher accuracy for both wet and dry aboveground biomass estimation compared to the statistical models. Finally, subcanopy water boundary information was extracted from the HH backscatter image by threshold method. Compared to the actual water borderline result, the extracted result from L-band SAR image is reliable. In this paper, the HH-HV phase difference was proved to be valueless for extracting subcanopy water boundary information.  相似文献   

Influence of temperature and frequency on microwave dielectric properties of lunar regolith simulant     

EDWARD Matthew Osei Jnr 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2011,21(1):94-101

The dielectric constant of the lunar regolith can directly influence the reflection coefficient and the trans-mission coefficient of the Moon′s surface, and plays an important role in the Moon research. In order to study the di-electric properties of the lunar regolith, the lunar regolith simulant was made according to the making procedure of the CAS-1 simulant made by Chinese Academy of Sciences. Then the dielectric constants of the lunar regolith simulant were measured with 85070E Aiglent Microwave Network Analyzer in the frequency ranging from 0.2 GHz to 20.0 GHz and at temperature of 25.1℃, 17.7℃, 13.1℃, 11.5℃, 9.6℃, 8.0℃, 4.1℃, -0.3℃, -4.7℃, -9.5℃, -18.7℃, -27.7℃, and -32.6℃, respectively. The Odelevsky model was employed to remove the influence of water in the air on the final effective dielectric constants. The results indicate that frequency and temperature have apparent influences on the dielectric constants of the lunar regolith simulant. The real parts of the dielectric constants increase fast over the range of 0.2 GHz to 3.0 GHz, but decrease slowly over the range of 4.0 GHz to 20.0 GHz. The opposite phenomenon occurs in the imaginary parts. The influences of the frequency and temperature on the brightness temperature were also estimated based on the radiative transfer equation. The result shows that the variation of the frequency and temperature results in great changes of the microwave brightness temperature emitting from the lunar regolith.  相似文献   

公路弃土场边坡的稳定影响因素敏感性分析          下载免费PDF全文

丁文洁  马祥配  彭永和  别凤华  杨超  解露茜 《山东国土资源》2022,38(5):82-88

以日照市岚山区某弃土场为研究对象,通过对现场调研并采样开展直剪试验,在压实度分别为90%、92%和95%的情况下取得不同的黏聚力c和内摩擦角φ值,通过MIDAS GTS NX进行数据模拟,选取MohrCoulomb模型,采用有限元强度折减法(SRM)算出边坡的等效应变塑性区及安全系数,以此分析边坡稳定性。利用数值模拟的结果,分别绘制坡高、坡比与安全系数的关系图,归类分析不同坡高和坡度对边坡稳定性系数的变化规律。通过边坡稳定影响因素的敏感性分析,分析影响边坡稳定性各因素与边坡安全系数之间的相关性,即分析各因素的变化对于边坡安全系数的影响程度。  相似文献   

西藏地堡那木岗斑岩型铜矿多光谱遥感蚀变矿物组合分带特征          下载免费PDF全文

孙姣姣  张廷斌  易桂花  钟康惠  余添添  别小娟  尤俊峰  荣欣  王俊华 《地质找矿论丛》2018,33(3):466-473

文章基于ASTER和Landsat-8OLI两种多光谱遥感数据,采用高光谱遥感技术混合调谐滤波(MTMF)、多光谱遥感技术相对吸收深度(RBD)、波段比值(BR)等方法提取了西藏多龙矿集区地堡那木岗斑岩型铜金矿床地表的蚀变矿物组合。其结果表明,基于ASTER数据的MTMF技术可将Al—OH矿物划分为白云母+高岭石/蒙脱石和地开石+蒙脱石+累托石两种组合,进一步可细分出斑岩型矿床多光谱遥感地表蚀变矿物组合并呈现出良好的分带特征:地堡那木岗铜金矿床自内而外依次为白云母+高岭石/蒙脱石→地开石+蒙脱石+累托石→Mg—OH类矿物组合,分别对应于前人野外调查所勘测到的的绢英岩化带+泥化带→泥化带→青磐岩化带,Fe3+矿物叠加于绢英岩化带、泥化带及其两带的叠合部位。所提取的多光谱遥感蚀变矿物组合分带特征对该区斑岩型铜金矿床的勘查工作提供了重要的遥感线索,对定位找矿靶区具有指导意义。  相似文献   

Edge Detection in Potential-Field Data by Enhanced Mathematical Morphology Filter     

Lili Li  Guoqing Ma  Xiaojuan Du 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2013,170(4):645-653

Enhancement on the edges of the causative source is an indispensable tool in the interpretation of potential-field data. There are a number of methods for recognizing the edges, most of which involve high-pass filters based on derivatives of potential-field data. A new edge-detection method is presented, called the enhanced mathematical morphology (EMM) filter. The EMM filter uses the ratio of the erosion of the total horizontal derivative to the dilation of total horizontal derivative to recognize the edges of the sources, and can display the edges of the shallow and deep bodies simultaneously. The EMM filter does not require the computation of vertical derivatives, which makes this method computationally stable. The EMM filter is tested on synthetic and real potential field data in China. Compared to other edge-detection filters, the new method is able to recognize the source edges more clearly, and the outputs are more insensitive to noise.  相似文献   

亚欧中纬度关键区正位势高度距平场配置与中国冬季区域性极端低温事件的联系   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

龚志强  王晓娟  任福民  封国林 《大气科学》2013,37(6):1274-1286

基于中国地面台站观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,研究了欧亚中纬度500 hPa高度场关键区正异常配置及其与中国冬季区域性极端低温事件(Regional Extreme Low Temperature Events, RELTE)的联系。结果表明,发生RELTE时乌拉尔山(简称乌山)、贝加尔湖(简称贝湖)和雅库茨克—鄂科斯克海(简称雅鄂)附近的某一区域出现高度场正异常的概率为0.83,即欧亚关键区500 hPa正高度距平场的相互匹配是形成RELTE的直接原因。在此基础上,将三个关键区域高度场异常配置分为7种类型:乌山型、贝湖型、雅鄂型、乌山—贝湖型、乌山—贝湖—雅鄂型、乌山—雅鄂型、贝湖—雅鄂型。不同类型异常模态对应的RELTE在空间分布、持续时间和强度等各有差异,如:乌山型对应RELTE以全国型为主,平均持续天数达14.2天;乌山—雅鄂型对应的RELTE以东北—华北型为主,事件平均持续天数为14.1天。此外,不同类型的异常配置均对应有超前于RELTE的前期特征,平均超前时间为1~8天不等。超前天数的空间分布、高度场异常的时间演化,进一步揭示了乌山以西和雅鄂以东两个方向高度场异常的发展并形成多种环流异常模态的过程,也验证了RELTE存在前期信号的可能性。  相似文献